Historical and Social Factors of Women’s Political Representation in Western and Eastern Europe in the Post-Cold War Era

Abstract

This article explores how historical and social dynamics have contributed to different women’s political representation in Eastern and Western Europe in the post-Cold War era. The political representation of women remains an essential component of democracy in modern societies. The political environment for women's political representation changed drastically with the end of the Cold War and subsequent shifts in Europe. Despite successful efforts, women are still underrepresented in Eastern and Western Europe in politics, such as institutions, and the decision-making process due to persistent cultural, social, and institutional barriers. These factors include male-dominated party structure, gender roles, limited access to education and economic means, and prevalence of harassment and violence in the political arena. That time span can be seen as a "restart" period in which Western Europe went through an era of stabilization and institutionalized gender equality norms, while Eastern Europe saw the disintegration of previous political structures.