AI-Powered Surveillance in China and Its Implications for Global Democracy

Abstract

This article explores how China's AI-powered surveillance system affects the world, emphasizing how AI reinforces authoritarian rule, stifles criticism, and shapes international standards. Through the integration of technology such as facial recognition, big data analytics, and predictive policing, China facilitates behavioral control and real-time surveillance through online filtering and the Social Credit System. In addition to strengthening control over domestic life, these instruments are disseminated internationally through programs like the Digital Silk Road, which puts democratic institutions at risk, particularly in nations with lax security.Using qualitative methods—including policy analysis, cross-case comparison, and content analysis—this study draws from primary sources like government documents and secondary sources such as academic research and investigative journalism. The article calls for international cooperation to promote ethical AI governance, strengthen legal and institutional protections, and support civil society and independent media in order to counter the spread of AI-enabled authoritarianism. The establishment of global standards for responsible AI use is crucial to upholding democratic values in the digital age. The findings demonstrate the widespread adoption of China's model in fragile democracies, raising serious concerns about privacy, freedom of expression, and democratic participation