Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January to March

View Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January to March
Published: 2023-01-01

Articles

  • Investigation of Teachers’ Competencies through National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan

    Shamim Ullah, Sohail Mazhar, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal
    01-13
    2023-01-03
    Abstract Views: 945
    PDF Downloads: 1592
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)01

  • A Holistic Approach towards Divinity in the World

    Syed Ali Abidi, Dr. Muhammad Jamil
    14-27
    2023-01-04
    Abstract Views: 540
    PDF Downloads: 1187
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)02

  • Corpus based Investigation of Gender Representation in Education: A Content Analysis of Pakistani and Indian High Secondary Schools’ Text Books

    Ayesha Saher, Rashid Mehmood, Aqlimia Farhad
    28-35
    2023-01-06
    Abstract Views: 969
    PDF Downloads: 868
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)03

  • Roshan Digital Account: A Digital Innovation in Pakistan and its Impact on Customers’ Satisfaction

    Muhammad Mubashir Hussain, Zunaira Amin, Nosheen Rasool
    36-52
    2023-01-06
    Abstract Views: 1045
    PDF Downloads: 1231
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)04

  • Towards Modern South-Asia: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor its Components, Challenges and Opportunities

    Dr. Imran Ali, Muhammad Faisal Nadeem, Dr. Muhammad Aslam
    53-67
    2023-01-07
    Abstract Views: 1022
    PDF Downloads: 923
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)05

  • An Analysis of Isma Pasha’s and Parvaiz Pasha’s Character Speeches in “Home Fire” A Comparative Pragma Stylistic Study

    Dr. Muhammad Akram, Dr. Samina Sarwat, Zaib-un-Nisa
    68-81
    2023-01-10
    Abstract Views: 852
    PDF Downloads: 835
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)06

  • Effect of Autonomous Learning on University Students’ Academic Motivation

    Asad Ali Manzoor, Ghulam Dastgir, Muhammad Waqas
    82-92
    2023-01-13
    Abstract Views: 1421
    PDF Downloads: 1003
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)07

  • Digital Governance Initiatives in Pakistan to Combat COVID-19: Current Developments and Challenges for a Sustainable Future

    Dr. Aisha Rizwan
    93-101
    2023-01-26
    Abstract Views: 1069
    PDF Downloads: 1489
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)08

  • Impact of Ambidextrous Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior: Mediating Role of Individual Ambidexterity

    Irum Jabeen, Dr. Hafsah Zahur, Nargis Noor Jalalzai
    102-112
    2023-01-27
    Abstract Views: 1148
    PDF Downloads: 1278
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)09

  • Effects of Slacktivism on Offline Engagement: Appraising the Role of Political Facebook Memes As a Communication Tool for Young Consumers in Pakistan

    Javeria Nazeer, Dr. Ayesha Ashfaq
    113-123
    2023-01-29
    Abstract Views: 1914
    PDF Downloads: 1441
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)10

  • Moderating Effect of Self-Esteem on Cosmetic Advertisement and Purchasing Behavior of Young Adolescents

    Adeela Rehman, Atif Ur Rahman, Dawra
    124-131
    2023-01-31
    Abstract Views: 1511
    PDF Downloads: 1086
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)11

  • Debt Capital, Default Risk and Financial Performance of Firms

    Syed Tanveer Hussain Shah Bukhari, Dr. Ghulam Mujtaba Chaudhary, Dr. Nazakat Hussain
    132-139
    2023-01-31
    Abstract Views: 539
    PDF Downloads: 466
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)12

  • Determinants of Rural Women’ Healthcare Behavior in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Shaista Naz, Oqba Khan, Muhammad Azam
    140-148
    2023-02-09
    Abstract Views: 789
    PDF Downloads: 756
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)13

  • Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Analysis

    Ayesha Ishfaq, Muhammad Waqas
    149-158
    2023-02-10
    Abstract Views: 2096
    PDF Downloads: 3150
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)14

  • Jirga: A Historical Institute

    Prof. Dr Gul Hasan, Ali Azeem, Dr. Jalal Faiz
    159-168
    2023-02-12
    Abstract Views: 1008
    PDF Downloads: 2208
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)15

  • Relationship between Perceived Coolness and Brand Equity: A Mediating Role of Brand Love and Moderating Role of Self-Image Congruence

    Javeria Hassan Khan, Dr. Sadaf Kashif
    169-182
    2023-02-12
    Abstract Views: 1783
    PDF Downloads: 2254
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)16

  • Relationship among Safety, Quality and Productivity in Construction Projects

    Asfandiyar, Dr. Shahan Mehmood Cheema
    183-193
    2023-02-17
    Abstract Views: 1661
    PDF Downloads: 2547
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)17

  • The Mediating Impact of Organizational Culture on the Association between Performance Management and Employee Retention in Private Commercial Banks of Pakistan

    M. Rafique Shaikh, Dr. Raheem Bux Soomro
    194-203
    2023-02-18
    Abstract Views: 742
    PDF Downloads: 648
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)18

  • Exploring the Role of E-Governance in the Economic Performance of Pakistan under Covid-19

    Syed Kafait Hussain Naqvi, Muhammad Luqman, Gohar Khan
    194-203
    2023-02-18
    Abstract Views: 595
    PDF Downloads: 601
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)19

  • Role of Media in enhancing Pro-Environmental Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior

    Qurat-ul-Ain Malik , Hayam Qayyoum , Amna Hameed
    214-223
    2023-02-28
    Abstract Views: 719
    PDF Downloads: 1099
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)20

  • Integrating Sustainability into Construction Engineering Projects: Perspective of Sustainable Project Planning

    Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Ghiyas Ud Din, Shahan Mehmood Cheema
    224-236
    2023-03-01
    Abstract Views: 1523
    PDF Downloads: 1564
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)21

  • Experimental Evidence of Syllabification of /sC/-Clusters at Onset Position by Kashmiri Speakers in Pakistani English

    Shahid Hussain Mir, Dr. Ayaz Afsar
    237-247
    2023-03-01
    Abstract Views: 509
    PDF Downloads: 426
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)22

  • Evaluating the User Experience of a Gamification-Based Moodle LMS

    Jamil Ahmed Baloch, Anum Naz, Syeda Hira Fatima Naqvi
    248-260
    2023-03-02
    Abstract Views: 730
    PDF Downloads: 987
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)23

  • Antecedents and Consequences of Sustainable Career: A Conceptual Model

    Ammara Akram, Ibne Hassan, Asif Yaseen
    261-272
    2023-03-04
    Abstract Views: 660
    PDF Downloads: 994
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)24

  • Decentralization in Education System: Outcomes and Challenges

    Mukhtiar Ahmed Arain, Prof. Dr. Razia Fakir
    273-279
    2023-03-04
    Abstract Views: 972
    PDF Downloads: 770
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)25

  • Laws against Domestic Violence in Pakistan: An Appraisal

    Muhammad Hassan Zia, Huma Hassan
    280-290
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 877
    PDF Downloads: 5472
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)26

  • Translating the Role of Servant Leaders into Organizational Change Management: Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

    Aiza Saeed, Labiba Sheikh, Wasim ul Reham
    291-301
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 465
    PDF Downloads: 840
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)27

  • Effectiveness of Methods for Selection and Recruitment: Evidence from Construction Industry of Pakistan

    Tasawar Hussain, Faryad Hussain, Shahan Mehmood Cheema
    302-312
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 819
    PDF Downloads: 1599
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)28

  • Remittances and Female Financial Inclusion: A Global Perspective

    Dr. Saqib Bashir, Dr. Aamir Nawaz, Sana Nigar Ayesha
    314-329
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 443
    PDF Downloads: 418
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)29

  • State of Access to Quality Education among Female Learners at Secondary Education Level in District Okara

    Sumera Tul Hasan, Maryam Naeem, Huma Naeem
    329-337
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 527
    PDF Downloads: 542
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)30

  • A comparative study of Chinese and Pakistan ceramics commercialization: A case study of Gujrat Pakistan

    Qu Qiumei
    338-350
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 568
    PDF Downloads: 1229
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)31

  • Removing Barriers for the out of School Children through E-Learning: A Study of Teachers Perspectives

    Nayab Gohar, Dr. Ghulam Fatima, Dr. Muhammad Jahanzaib
    351-358
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 424
    PDF Downloads: 491
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)32

  • Pakistan Strategic Prospect with USA during PTI Government

    Kiran Rasool, Qamar Zaman Khan, Dr. Ghulam Mustafa
    359-368
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 720
    PDF Downloads: 1637
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)33

  • Climate Change and its Effects on Pakistan

    Asad Raza Talpur, Jalil Ahmed, Muhammad Asim Mahar
    369-376
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 1427
    PDF Downloads: 1917
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)34

  • Governance and Development: A Comparative Analysis of Administrative Models of Germany’s Hamburg State and Pakistan’s Punjab Province

    Muhammad Shahrukh, Dr. Ghulam Mustafa, Osama Sharoon
    377-394
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 560
    PDF Downloads: 481
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)35

  • The Relationship Between the Intrinsic Motivation of Special Education Teachers and Their Employment Period

    Manal Rashid, Dr. Ghulam Fatima, Arooj Amanat
    395-408
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 478
    PDF Downloads: 746
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)36

  • Aging Bodies with Unique Challenges: A Case of Transitioning of Transgenders as an Older in Province of Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zain ul Abidin, Muhammad Mohsin Khan, Kaleem Ullah
    409-417
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 369
    PDF Downloads: 666
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)37

  • Legal and Political Dimensions of Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project Issue

    Kashif Raza, Dr. Mubeen Adnan
    418-429
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 918
    PDF Downloads: 1465
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)38

  • ‘Primary School Teachers’ teaching Practices and their relevancy with Student Learning Outcomes

    Irsa Tayyab, Assad Naveed, Dr. Nazish Andleeb
    430-437
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 366
    PDF Downloads: 757
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)39

  • The Impact of US Interference in the Middle East on Regional Stability and Security: A Legal Assessment

    Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Sonia Ijaz, Shireen Gul
    438-452
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 579
    PDF Downloads: 2492
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)40

  • The Contributory Knowledge of Ethics with the Perspective of Employee in the Hospitality Industry of Pakistan

    Misbah Nasreen, Usama Iqbal, Dr. Imran Jamil
    463-477
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 343
    PDF Downloads: 541
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)42

  • Women’s Reproductive Rights A Situational Analysis in Pakistan

    Sundus Javed, Kanwal Ejaz
    478-485
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 409
    PDF Downloads: 780
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)43

  • Predictive Impact of COVID-19 Phobia and Work-Related Stress on Mental health wellbeing in Healthcare Professionals: A cross-sectional survey study in Punjab, Pakistan

    Nimra Zia, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir Idrees, Naveed Iqbal
    486-493
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 458
    PDF Downloads: 302
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)44

  • Governance in Perspective of Gender Mainstreaming in Pakistan

    Dr. Salma Naz, Hajra Waheed, Iram Fatima
    494-506
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 1033
    PDF Downloads: 839
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)45

  • Impact of Digital media on the Sports Marketing: A Case Study of Govt. Institutes of Punjab Province

    Shamshaid Ahmed, Muhammad Hamza, Mufsceela Shareef
    507-520
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 335
    PDF Downloads: 543
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)46

  • The Muslim’s Poetic Dissent of Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 and Hindu’s Sloganic Resentment: A Critical Discourse Analysis

    Abdul Waheed, Prof. Dr. Abdul Majid
    521-535
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 460
    PDF Downloads: 463
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)47

  • Role of Digital Media in Disaster Management: A Case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

    Fahad Anis, Dr. Ayesha Ashfaq
    536-551
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 1502
    PDF Downloads: 980
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)48

  • Activity Based Teaching and Science Students’ Academic Achievement at Secondary Level: An Experimental Study

    Muhammad Masood, Muhammad Ghafoor, Dr. Tasleem Ullah
    552-559
    2023-09-03
    Abstract Views: 459
    PDF Downloads: 823
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)49

  • Colonialism and Translation: A Study of Kirmani’s History of Tipu Sultan

    Sameer Ahmed, Muhammad Salman Bhatti, Shanzay Noor
    560-571
    2023-09-05
    Abstract Views: 503
    PDF Downloads: 1005
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)50

  • Kashmir Issue: A Dominant Threat to Peace

    Dr. Gulshan Majeed, Dr. Samra Hameed
    572-583
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 722
    PDF Downloads: 2651
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)51

  • A Critical Appraisal of the Balochistan Conundrum

    Sajjad Ali, Muhammad Huzaifa Munawer, Sardar Faizan Khalid Toor
    572-583
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 1001
    PDF Downloads: 764
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)52

  • Investor Sentiments Influencing Investor Decisions: The Mediating Role of Behavioral Biases

    Hani Baloch, Dr. Jameel Ahmed, Dr. Kaneez Fatima
    597-613
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 821
    PDF Downloads: 812
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)53

  • Inadequate Risk Management's Impact on Construction Project Challenges

    Rehan Karim, Dr. Shahan Cheema, Muhammad Asad Mushtaq
    614-621
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 1050
    PDF Downloads: 1125
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)54

  • Effectiveness of Teachers’ Metacognition in Developing Conducive Classroom Learning Environment

    Muhammad Irfan Ashiq, Dr. Khalid Saleem, Dr. Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi
    622-635
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 458
    PDF Downloads: 573
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)55

  • Teachers’ Perception regarding Character Building Practices at Elementary Level in District Bahawalnagar

    Salman Ajmal, Dr. Khadija Sittar, Dr. Sehrish Khalid
    636-644
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 393
    PDF Downloads: 499
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)56

  • Legislative Performance of the Non-Partisan Legislature in Pakistan (1985-1988)

    Muhammad Waseem Akram, Amjad Abbas Khan
    645-653
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 299
    PDF Downloads: 686
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)57

  • The Surge of Women Radicalization after 9/11: Unraveling Dynamics in Pakistan

    Abeera Haider, Dr. Saqib Khan Warraich
    654-663
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 383
    PDF Downloads: 478
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)58

  • Investigation the impact of Modern Construction Method on Construction Project Management: Examining the integration of Modern Construction Methods for enduring Project Management Success

    Muhammad Atif Afzaal
    664-675
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 651
    PDF Downloads: 764
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)59

  • The Politics of Collective Security in pursuit of Peace and Security

    Dr. Uzma Naz, Syed Husnain Haider, Gul i Ayesha Bhatti
    676-686
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 321
    PDF Downloads: 1150
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)60

  • Gender Issues in Education: A Sociological Study on Pakistan's Reform Policy

    Muhbat Ali Shah, Moula Bux Naich, Naveed Hussain Sandeelo
    687-686
    2023-12-09
    Abstract Views: 650
    PDF Downloads: 706
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)61

  • Public Debt, Social Spending and Economic Growth: An Analysis for Developing Economies

    Faiz Ur Rahim, Syed Hassan Raza Naqvi, Madiha Asma
    697-706
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 593
    PDF Downloads: 627
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)62

  • Freud is Finished: A Schizoanalysis of Sana Ullah in Sifr Se Aik Tak by Mirza Athar Baig

    Muhammad Riaz
    707-715
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 233
    PDF Downloads: 327
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)63

  • Managing Uncertainty: The Impact of Emotional Competence on Work Performance and Job Security in the Private Sector

    Zainab Abdul Khaliq, Dr. Muqarrab Akbar, Saima Kaniz
    716-725
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 306
    PDF Downloads: 259
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)64

  • Effectiveness of Climate Finance in CO2 Emissions Reduction: An Empirical Analysis

    Mehwish Zatoon, Abre-Rehmat Qurat-ul-Ann, Iqra Mushtaq
    726-737
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 276
    PDF Downloads: 409
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)65

  • Examining the Operational Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plants in Tharparkar: A Comprehensive Assessment

    Jhaman Das Hirani, Dileep Sukhani
    738-749
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 392
    PDF Downloads: 541
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)66

  • Portrayal of Trump in Pakistani Newspapers: A Comparative Study of Dawn, The Nation and The News

    Muhammad Mubashar Ikram, Dr. Zahid Yousaf, Dr. Faiza Bajwa
    750-759
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 273
    PDF Downloads: 561
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)67

  • Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Safety Nets: A Case Study of Pakistan’s Ehsaas Program and Poverty Alleviation

    Ali Haider Dogar
    760-770
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 1615
    PDF Downloads: 3189
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)68

  • Impact of Literacy and Skill Trainings on Empowerment of Women: A Case Study of Naushahro Feroze

    Dr. Ali Gul Khushik, Dr. Mehwish Bhutto, Riaz Ahmed Agro
    771-785
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 383
    PDF Downloads: 330
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)69

  • Cultural Tourism Management in Pakistan: Issues and Challenges

    Ayesha Waheed, Zulfiqar Ali Kalhoro
    786-799
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 764
    PDF Downloads: 1030
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)70

  • The Interplay between Social Anxiety, Online Social Networking Behaviors, and Perceived Quality of Offline Relationships in University Students

    Uzair Mustafa Sahu, Gulnaz Sarwar, Darain Skindar
    800-811
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 241
    PDF Downloads: 1234
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)71

  • Perceptions of Students toward Technical and Vocational Education in Pakistan: A Case Study on Curriculum through Trainees' Eyes

    Dr. Rizwana Muneer, Syed Jaffer Shah, Aisha
    812-819
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 393
    PDF Downloads: 366
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)72

  • Ending an Exploitative Regime: A Participatory Case Study on Impact of Social Media Use on Handicraft Artisans’ Autonomy

    Baila Aftab
    820-832
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 95
    PDF Downloads: 76
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)73

  • Consanguine (Cross-Cousin) Marriages and Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Evolutionary Perspective

    Suneel Kumar, Asif Ali Sandeelo
    833-843
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 191
    PDF Downloads: 623
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)74

  • Memory, Nostalgia, and Hybrid Identity Formation in the Novel: A Bhabhaian Analysis

    Asif Ali Mahar
    844-849
    2023-03-31
    Abstract Views: 56
    PDF Downloads: 34
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-I)75